Vector
Overview
Vector is a type of spatial data in a GIS that represents geographic features using points, lines, and polygons, allowing for precise representation of discrete features such as roads, buildings, and land parcels. Vector data combines geometry (location/shape) with attributes (descriptive information).
Key Concepts
Point is a single coordinate representing a location. Line/LineString is an ordered sequence of connected points. Polygon is a closed area defined by a boundary ring. Attributes are tabular data associated with each feature. Feature class is a collection of features of the same geometry type. Topology describes spatial relationships between features.
Vector vs. Raster
| Aspect | Vector | Raster |
|---|---|---|
| Data model | Points, lines, polygons | Grid cells |
| Best for | Discrete features | Continuous phenomena |
| Precision | Exact boundaries | Resolution-dependent |
| File size | Varies with complexity | Varies with resolution |
| Overlay analysis | Requires processing | Simple math |
Common Formats
- Shapefile
- GeoJSON
- GeoPackage
- FileGDB
- PostGIS
Appendix
Created: 2025-12-13 | Modified: 2025-12-13